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Light detect and Ranging (LiDAR)

May 12, 2021

Earlier this morning Patently Apple posted a report about Apple Vans are out in full force this morning mapping out the streets of Hong Kong. These vans use massive LiDAR sensors on the roof of the vans to capture 360º images. Earlier this year Bloomberg had reported that Apple was in discussions with multiple suppliers of self-driving car sensors known as LiDAR […]

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Queueing Theory, Little’s Law

May 11, 2021

In queueing theory, a discipline within the mathematical theory of probability, Little’s result, theorem, lemma, law, or formula is a theorem by John Little which states that the long-term average number L of customers in a stationary system is equal to the long-term average effective arrival rate λ multiplied by the average time W that a customer spends in the system.  Customers in a store Imagine a small store with a single counter and an area for […]

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Spectre security attack, Intel and AMD

May 10, 2021

Since 2018, an almost endless series of attacks broadly known as Spectre has kept Intel and AMD scrambling to develop defenses to mitigate vulnerabilities that allow malware to pluck passwords and other sensitive information directly out of silicon. Now, researchers say they’ve devised a new attack that breaks most—if not all—of those  on-chip defenses. Spectre got its name for […]

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Digital System Power, Wireless Power Transmission

May 7, 2021

New Zealand is testing wireless power transmission, first mentioned by Nickolas Tesla. The startup company Emrod has developed a wireless transmission methodology: (1) Collimated RF waves using advanced microwave dish technology. (2) Recognizing birds, or humans might intersect the microwave. (3) Utilizing a recantenna, receiving antenna to convert microwaves back to power. Item (2) would […]

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System Level Modeling and Analysis of Processors and SoC Designs

May 6, 2021

Engineers love to optimize their designs, but that implies that there are models and stimulus to automate the process.  Process engineers have TCAD tools, circuit designers have SPICE for circuit simulation, logic designers have gate-level simulators, RTL designers use logic simulation, but what is there for the system architects of a processor or SoC design? […]

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How L1 and L2 memory chips fit into modern processor chips

May 5, 2021

The development of caches and caching is one of the most significant events in the history of computing. Virtually every modern CPU core from ultra-low power chips like the ARM Cortex-A5 to the highest-end Intel Core i9 use caches. Even higher-end microcontrollers often have small caches or offer them as options — the performance benefits are too large to ignore, even […]

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Fine-Grained Performance and Power Analysis in 10 Hours using a Statistical Instruction Set Processor Simulator

May 3, 2021

Architecture exploration, power and performance analysis early in the design flow are mandatory in modern SoC design flow due to complex multi-threaded applications and multi-core processing requirements. Instruction Set Simulator or ISS of a selected processor plays a very important role. However, Current Instruction Set Simulators (ISS) and platform modelers have detailed functional execution, tuned […]

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Investment in Avionics spurs new systems engineering methodologies

May 3, 2021

Reducing trade barriers in technology exchange between US and India will create a new market for avionics organizations in India. These companies must compete on reliability, greater integration and quality, not on price alone.  To facilitate this, the design teams will require new methodologies to improve engineering productivity.  These methodologies must be done during the […]

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Volkswagen plans to design own autonomous-driving processor chips

May 3, 2021

HAMBURG, Germany — Volkswagen plans to design and develop its own high-powered chips for autonomous vehicles, along with the required software, Chief Executive Herbert  Diess told a German newspaper. “To achieve optimal performance in light of the high demands that exist for cars,  software and hardware have to come out of one hand,” Diess told Handelsblatt. Volkswagen did not plan to build […]

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Why do we need system modeling?

April 30, 2021

To cause a system upgrade, we must first understand what we are attempting to change as a system, which necessitates the creation of a system model of it. We think of a system as just a summation of its parts and thus requires no special attention. It is necessary to change our approach in which […]

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Stochastic Modeling; over, under Delay importance

April 30, 2021

VisualSim can be used to construct stochastic models using SystemResource blocks; where priority and preemption can be factored into the shared resource.  Stochastic models are in contrast to detailed cycle-accurate models.  If stochastic models are constructed, then they can use time estimates for first order of approximation; or a specific number of cycles with the SystemResource specifying the SystemResource speed in MHz […]

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Processing Basics

April 29, 2021

Software Pipeline In software engineering, a pipeline consists of a chain of processing elements (processes, threads, coroutines, functions, etc.), arranged so that the output of each element is the input of the next; the name is by analogy to a physical pipeline. Usually some amount of buffering is provided between consecutive elements. The information that flows in these pipelines is often a stream of records, bytes, or bits, and the elements of a pipeline […]

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