Blogs

Directed Graph (no loops) vs. Acyclic Directed Graph (w/loops)

February 20, 2021

• Symmetric directed graphs are directed graphs where all edges are bi-directional. This means, for every arrow that belongs to the digraph, the corresponding inverse arrow also belongs to it. • Simple directed graphs are directed graphs that have no loops, arrows that directly connect vertices to themselves, and no multiple arrows with same source and target nodes. As already introduced, in case of […]

Digital System Power, Processor Performance analysis and benchmarking

February 19, 2021

Understanding Processor Performance: Power Efficiency Matters When designing computer systems, processor performance isn’t just about raw speed. For many systems, efficiency is king. System designers, especially those creating large-scale computer systems like Google, prioritize CPUs that deliver the most processing power while consuming the least amount of energy. This is because, over time, the cost […]

Simple Directed Graph Example:

February 18, 2021

In formal terms, a directed graph is an ordered pair G = (V, A) where • V is a set whose elements are called vertices, nodes, or points; • A is a set of ordered pairs of vertices, called arrows, directed edges (sometimes simply edges with the corresponding set named E instead of A), directed arcs, or directed lines. It differs from an ordinary or undirected graph, in that the latter is defined in terms of unordered pairs of vertices, which are usually called edges, […]

Directed Acyclic Graph or Task Graph Reduction, Simplification

February 17, 2021

Reachability and DAG Reduction Example: The reachability relationship in any directed acyclic graph can be formalized as a partial order ≤ on the vertices of the DAG. In this partial order, two vertices u and v are ordered as u ≤ v exactly when there exists a directed path from u to v in the DAG; that is, when v is reachable from u. However, different DAGs may give rise to the same reachability relation and the same partial order. For example, the […]

Digital System Power & Processor Power Considerations

February 16, 2021

Configurable TDP: Configurable TDP (cTDP), also known as programmable TDP or TDP power cap, is an operating mode of later generations of Intel mobile processors, as of January 2014, and AMD processors, as of June 2012, that allows adjustments to their TDP values. By modifying the processor behavior and its performance levels, power consumption of a processor can be changed by altering its TDP at the […]

Directed Acyclic Graph or Task Graph

February 15, 2021

DAG One Way Example; note no return to prior state a,b,c,d: A graph is formed by vertices and by edges connecting pairs of vertices, where the vertices can be any kind of object that is connected in pairs by edges. In the case of a directed graph, each edge has an orientation, from one vertex to another vertex. A path in a directed graph is a sequence of […]

Digital System Power, Processor Power Considerations

February 13, 2021

Power consumption can be reduced in several ways, including the following: • Voltage reduction – dual-voltage CPUs, dynamic voltage scaling, under-voltage, etc. • Frequency reduction – under-clocking, dynamic frequency-scaling, etc. • Capacitance reduction – increasingly integrated circuits that replace PCB traces between two chips with relatively lower-capacitance on-chip metal interconnect between two sections of a single integrated chip; low-k dielectric, etc. • Power gating techniques such as clock […]

Digital System Power, Thermal Design Power

February 12, 2021

Thermal design power (TDP), sometimes called thermal design point, is the maximum amount of heat generated by a computer chip or component (often a CPU, GPU or system on a chip) that the cooling system in a computer is designed to dissipate under any workload. The TDP is typically not the largest amount of heat the CPU could ever generate (peak power), such as by running a power virus, but rather the […]

Digital System Power Management ICs

February 11, 2021

The term PMIC refers to a class of integrated circuits that perform various functions related to power requirements. A PMIC may have one or more of the following functions: • DC to DC conversion • Battery charging • Power-source selection • Voltage scaling • Power sequencing A PMIC may include battery management, voltage regulation, and charging functions. It may […]

Digital System EV Battery-Type Considerations: Cycles

February 10, 2021

Digital System EV battery-type cycles vary according to the underlying battery type. A battery cycle consists of going from a minimal charge state to a full charge state and back to minimal charge state after re-use of the stored energy. EV Lithium-Ion batteries initially supported ~2000 battery cycles, while newer designs reach ~5000 battery cycles. As the number […]

Digital System Power for GPUs

February 9, 2021

Digital System Power for GPUs is an area of rapid development, as even small improvements in power efficiency can have significant impacts on energy consumption and the environment. Optimizing GPU power consumption is crucial for enhancing performance and reducing the carbon footprint of data centers and personal computing devices. One notable advancement is the Apple […]

Digital System Power for Robotics

February 8, 2021

Digital System Power for Robotics might be related to arm motion, reducing the power required for taking certain actions in an optimal way; or robotic power considerations might relate to an EV active-suspension, for example. The robotic arm may be plugged into the grid, while the EV active-suspension is most likely a mobile battery? In either […]

« Previous 1 … 11 12 13 14 15 … 18 Next »