Blogs

Directed Acyclic Graph or Task Graph Reduction, Simplification

February 17, 2021

Reachability and DAG Reduction Example: The reachability relationship in any directed acyclic graph can be formalized as a partial order ≤ on the vertices of the DAG. In this partial order, two vertices u and v are ordered as u ≤ v exactly when there exists a directed path from u to v in the DAG; that is, when v is reachable from u. However, different DAGs may give rise to the same reachability relation and the same partial order. For example, the […]

Digital System Power & Processor Power Considerations

February 16, 2021

Configurable TDP: Configurable TDP (cTDP), also known as programmable TDP or TDP power cap, is an operating mode of later generations of Intel mobile processors, as of January 2014, and AMD processors, as of June 2012, that allows adjustments to their TDP values. By modifying the processor behavior and its performance levels, power consumption of a processor can be changed by altering its TDP at the […]

Directed Acyclic Graph or Task Graph

February 15, 2021

DAG One Way Example; note no return to prior state a,b,c,d: A graph is formed by vertices and by edges connecting pairs of vertices, where the vertices can be any kind of object that is connected in pairs by edges. In the case of a directed graph, each edge has an orientation, from one vertex to another vertex. A path in a directed graph is a sequence of […]

Digital System Power, Processor Power Considerations

February 13, 2021

Power consumption can be reduced in several ways, including the following: • Voltage reduction – dual-voltage CPUs, dynamic voltage scaling, under-voltage, etc. • Frequency reduction – under-clocking, dynamic frequency-scaling, etc. • Capacitance reduction – increasingly integrated circuits that replace PCB traces between two chips with relatively lower-capacitance on-chip metal interconnect between two sections of a single integrated chip; low-k dielectric, etc. • Power gating techniques such as clock […]

Digital System Power, Thermal Design Power

February 12, 2021

Thermal design power (TDP), sometimes called thermal design point, is the maximum amount of heat generated by a computer chip or component (often a CPU, GPU or system on a chip) that the cooling system in a computer is designed to dissipate under any workload. The TDP is typically not the largest amount of heat the CPU could ever generate (peak power), such as by running a power virus, but rather the […]

Digital System Power Management ICs

February 11, 2021

The term PMIC refers to a class of integrated circuits that perform various functions related to power requirements. A PMIC may have one or more of the following functions: • DC to DC conversion • Battery charging • Power-source selection • Voltage scaling • Power sequencing A PMIC may include battery management, voltage regulation, and charging functions. It may […]

Digital System EV Battery-Type Considerations: Cycles

February 10, 2021

Digital System EV battery-type cycles vary according to the underlying battery type. A battery cycle consists of going from a minimal charge state to a full charge state and back to minimal charge state after re-use of the stored energy. EV Lithium-Ion batteries initially supported ~2000 battery cycles, while newer designs reach ~5000 battery cycles. As the number […]

Digital System Power for GPUs

February 9, 2021

Digital System Power for GPUs is an area of rapid development, as even small improvements in power efficiency can have significant impacts on energy consumption and the environment. Optimizing GPU power consumption is crucial for enhancing performance and reducing the carbon footprint of data centers and personal computing devices. One notable advancement is the Apple […]

Digital System Power for Robotics

February 8, 2021

Digital System Power for Robotics might be related to arm motion, reducing the power required for taking certain actions in an optimal way; or robotic power considerations might relate to an EV active-suspension, for example. The robotic arm may be plugged into the grid, while the EV active-suspension is most likely a mobile battery? In either […]

Digital System EV Battery Considerations

February 6, 2021

EV Battery Management: Keeping Your Electric Vehicle Running Smoothly Unlike a simple flashlight battery that you just replace, electric vehicle (EV) batteries are complex and require constant monitoring for optimal performance and lifespan. This guide dives into the world within your EV’s battery and explains how technology keeps it running like a champ. Inside Your […]

Digital System Power for Sensors and Analog Components

February 5, 2021

Electric vehicles (EVs) rely on a network of sensors to monitor everything from battery health to tire pressure. These sensors play a vital role in ensuring your EV operates safely and efficiently, but they also consume power. This can impact your overall battery life. Let’s break down how sensor power works in an EV and […]

Digital System On-Chip Electro-Migration relation to Power

February 4, 2021

Electro-migration is the transport of material caused by the gradual movement of the ions in a conductor due to the momentum transfer between conducting electrons and diffusing metal atoms. The effect is important in applications where high direct current densities are used, such as in microelectronics and related structures. As the structure size in electronics such as integrated circuits (ICs) decreases, the practical significance of this effect increases. Electro-Migration is a secondary effect of power being distributed […]

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